Abstract Background Smuggling health goods given the importance and critical nature of health services should be undeniably addressed and controlled by all countries.This issue is especially more widespread in developing countries with more damaging consequences.This paper therefore aims to identify and analyze the challenges of preventing smugglin
Abstract Background Many serious diseases have a genetic basis which, from an evolutionary point of view, should have been selected against, resulting in very low frequencies.The remarkable sustained prevalence of a number of disease-associated alleles is therefore surprising.We believe that antagonistic pleiotropy, when multiple effects of a gene
We present a new manoeuvre of transcarotid balloon Blindfolds occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery to control bleeding due to sharp injuries of the right subclavian artery.To control the bleeding, we employed a temporary balloon occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery with a 6.0 Fogarty balloon catheter, which was introduced through ECA retrogra
Phages are ubiquitous in bacteria, including clinical Staphylococcus aureus, where Sfi 21/Sa3 phages often integrate into the hlb gene, which encodes Hlb sphingomyelinase.This integration acts as a rapid regulatory switch for Hlb production.Our findings suggest that Sfi 21/Sa3 prophages and Hlb activity influence S.aureus fitness by modulating the